Black Light / UV light
If you walked around all night with a portable black light, you would discover that there are phosphors all over the place. There are lots of natural phosphors, in your teeth and fingernails, among other things. There also a lot of phosphors in man-made material, including television screens and some paints, fabric and plastics. Most fluorescent colored things, such as highlighters, contain phosphors, and you'll find them in all glow-in-the-dark products. Clubs and amusement parks use special black light paint that glows different colors. You can also buy fluorescent black light bubbles, invisible black light ink, fluorescent black light carpet and even fluorescent black light hair gel.
If you walked around all night with a portable black light, you would discover that there are phosphors all over the place. There are lots of natural phosphors, in your teeth and fingernails, among other things. There also a lot of phosphors in man-made material, including television screens and some paints, fabric and plastics. Most fluorescent colored things, such as highlighters, contain phosphors, and you'll find them in all glow-in-the-dark products. Clubs and amusement parks use special black light paint that glows different colors. You can also buy fluorescent black light bubbles, invisible black light ink, fluorescent black light carpet and even fluorescent black light hair gel.
Ordinary
highlighters work well as "black light pens." Under the black light,
the fluorescent ink glows!
In addition to
making people and fluorescent posters look cool, black lights have some
practical applications. For example:
Appraisers use them to detect forgeries of antiques. Many paints today contain phosphors that will glow under a black light, while most older paints do not contain phosphors.
Repairmen use them to find invisible leaks in machinery -- they inject a little fluorescent dye into the fuel supply and illuminate it with a black light. For example, they might detect an invisible air conditioner leak by adding fluorescent dye to the refrigerant. Black lights can be used to detect counterfeit bills.
Law enforcement officers can use them to identify counterfeit money. The United States and many other countries include an invisible fluorescent strip in their larger bills that only shows up under a black light.
Amusement parks and clubs use them to identify invisible fluorescent hand stamps for readmission.
Forensic scientists use them to analyze crime scenes. To pick out fingerprints, for example, they often dust with fluorescent dye under a black light. This makes it easier to pick the fingerprints out from surrounding dirt. Black lights can also identify semen and other bodily fluids that naturally fluoresce.
Most of these uses, as well as dozens of others, follow a common theme -- the black lights make the invisible visible or isolate one specific substance from everything around it. When you think about it, there are dozens of situations where you could put this phenomenon to work. The applications are potentially endless!
Appraisers use them to detect forgeries of antiques. Many paints today contain phosphors that will glow under a black light, while most older paints do not contain phosphors.
Repairmen use them to find invisible leaks in machinery -- they inject a little fluorescent dye into the fuel supply and illuminate it with a black light. For example, they might detect an invisible air conditioner leak by adding fluorescent dye to the refrigerant. Black lights can be used to detect counterfeit bills.
Law enforcement officers can use them to identify counterfeit money. The United States and many other countries include an invisible fluorescent strip in their larger bills that only shows up under a black light.
Amusement parks and clubs use them to identify invisible fluorescent hand stamps for readmission.
Forensic scientists use them to analyze crime scenes. To pick out fingerprints, for example, they often dust with fluorescent dye under a black light. This makes it easier to pick the fingerprints out from surrounding dirt. Black lights can also identify semen and other bodily fluids that naturally fluoresce.
Most of these uses, as well as dozens of others, follow a common theme -- the black lights make the invisible visible or isolate one specific substance from everything around it. When you think about it, there are dozens of situations where you could put this phenomenon to work. The applications are potentially endless!
如果你到处走走，整晚用便携式黑色轻，你会发现有地方都发光材料。有很多天然的发光材料，在牙齿和指甲，除其他外。那里荧光粉在人造材料，包括电视屏幕和一些油漆、 织物和塑料的也很多。最荧光色的东西，如荧光笔，包含荧光粉，并且你会发现他们都在黑暗中发光产品中。俱乐部和游乐园使用发光颜色不同的特别的黑色亮漆。你也可以买黑色荧光灯泡沫，不可见的黑色光油墨、 荧光黑轻地毯、 甚至荧光灯的黑头发凝胶。
普通荧光笔工作以及"黑轻笔"。在黑色光下荧光油墨发光 ！
除了使人和荧光海报看起来很酷，黑灯有一些实际的应用程序。例如：
估价师使用它们来检测的古董赝品。许多涂料今天包含在黑灯下会发光，虽然多数旧油漆不包含荧光粉的发光材料。
修理工使用它们来查找不可见泄漏在机械--他们小小的荧光染料注入燃料供应和照亮它与黑色光。例如，他们可能会通过向制冷剂添加荧光染料检测隐形空调泄漏。黑灯可以用于检测假钞。
执法人员可以使用它们来标识假币。美国和其他许多国家在其较大的条例草案只出现在黑灯下包括不可见的荧光地带。
游乐园和俱乐部使用它们来标识重新接纳的无形的荧光手邮票。
法医科学家使用它们来分析犯罪现场。从中挑选出指纹，例如，他们常常尘土与黑灯下的荧光染料。这使得更容易地从周围泥土挑指纹。黑灯还可以确定精液和其他自然荧光粉的体液。
大多数的这些用途，以及几十人，遵循一个共同的主题--黑灯使不可见的可见或隔离一个特定物质从周围的一切。
Ultraviolet
light frequencies are above violet on the spectrum and are invisible to the
human eye.
What Is "Black Light"?
If you turn on a black
light bulb in a dark room, what you can see from the bulb is a purplish glow.
What you cannot see is the ultraviolet light that the bulb is
also producing.
Our eyes can
see visible light in a spectrum ranging from red through orange,
yellow, green, blue and violet. Above violet is ultraviolet light, which we
cannot see. How Sunburns and Sun Tans Work discusses ultraviolet
light and its effects on our skin. A black light bulb produces UVA light
(as opposed to UVB light, which is much more harmful).
A phosphor is
any substance that emits visible light in response to some sort of radiation.
A phosphor converts the energy in the UV radiation from a black light into
visible light. What you see glowing under a black light, whether on a
fluorescent poster or an invisible hand stamp or a newly washed white T-shirt,
are phosphors.
如果您打开一个黑色灯泡在黑暗的房间里，你可以看到从灯泡是紫色的发光效果。您不能看到的是灯泡也生产的紫外线光。
我们的眼睛可以看到可见光光谱范围从红色到橙色、 黄色、 绿色、 蓝色和紫色。紫的上面是紫外线光，我们看不到。如何晒伤和太阳晒黑的工作讨论紫外线光和及其对我们的皮肤的影响。黑色灯泡生产 UVA 光 （而不是 UVB 灯，更多有害的）。
紫外线光的频率高于紫的光谱和对人的眼睛是不可见。
你看到发光的黑灯下是否上荧光的海报或看不见的手戳或新水洗白色 t 恤，是荧光粉。
磷是发出可见光在某种辐射响应的任何物质。荧光粉将中紫外辐射的能量从黑色光转换成可见光。
Black Light Designs
The conventional
black light design is just a fluorescent lamp with a couple of
important modifications. Fluorescent lamps generate light by passing electricity through
a tube filled with inert gas and a small amount of mercury. (See How
Fluorescent Lamps Work for more information.)
When energized,
mercury atoms emit energy in the form of light photons. They
emit some visible light photons, but mostly they emit photons in the
ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range. Because UV light waves are invisible to
the human eye, fluorescent lamps have to convert this energy into visible
light. They do this with a phosphor coating around the outside of the
tube.
Phosphors are
substances that give off light -- or fluoresce -- when they are
exposed to light. When a photon hits a phosphor atom, one of the phosphor's
electrons jumps to a higher energy level, causing the atom to vibrate and
create heat. When the electron falls back to its normal level, it releases
energy in the form of another photon. This photon has less energy than the
original photon, because some energy was lost as heat. In a fluorescent lamp,
the emitted light is in the visible spectrum -- the phosphor gives off white
light we can see.
Black lights work
on this same principle. There are actually two different types of black light,
but they work in basically the same way.
A tube black
light is a basically a fluorescent lamp with a different sort of phosphor
coating. This coating absorbs harmful shortwave UV-B and UV-C light
and emits UV-A light (in the same basic way the phosphor in a
fluorescent lamp absorbs UV light and emits visible light). The
"black" glass tube itself blocks most visible light, so in the end
only benign long-wave UV-A light, along with some blue and violet visible
light, passes through.
An incandescent
black light bulb is similar to a normal household light bulb, but it
uses light filters to absorb the light from the heated filament. It absorbs
everything except the infrared and UV-A light (and a little bit of visible
light).
In both of these
light designs, the emitted UV light reacts with various external phosphors in
exactly the same way as the UV light inside a fluorescent lamp reacts with the
phosphor coating. The external phosphors glow as long as the UV light is
shining on them.
UV灯
傳統的UV燈設計是只螢光燈和幾個重要的修改。螢光燈通過傳遞通過充滿惰性氣體和汞量小管電力產生光。（見螢光燈的工作原理的詳細資訊）。當通電，汞原子會發出能量以光子的形式。他們發出一些可見光子，但大多是他們發射的紫外線 (UV) 波長範圍光子。因為紫外線光波是人眼不可見的螢光燈有將這種能量轉化為可見光。他們這樣做與外管周圍的螢光粉塗層。螢光粉的發光 — — 或螢光粉 — — 當他們受到光的物質。當一個光子擊中一個磷原子時，螢光粉的電子之一跳到更高的能量水準，導致原子振動並產生熱量。當電子下跌回到正常水準時，它釋放形式的另一個光子的能量。這個光子具有較少的能量比原始的光子，因為一些能量丟失作為熱。在螢光燈、
散發的光是在可見光譜--螢光粉散發出白色的光，我們可以看到。UV燈工作在這個相同的原則。其實兩種不同類型的黑色光，但它們的工作方式基本上相同。UV光是基本上一種不同的螢光粉塗層的螢光燈。這種塗層吸收有害的短波紫外線-B 和紫外 C 光和發射的紫外線 A 光 (在相同的基本方式在日光燈螢光粉吸收紫外線和發出可見光)。"黑色"玻璃管本身塊最可見光，所以最後只有良性長波紫外線 A 光，以及一些藍、 紫可見光，穿過。黑白熾燈燈泡是類似于一個普通的家用燈泡，但它使用的濾光鏡來吸收來自加熱燈絲的光。它吸收一切除了紅外線和紫外線 A 光 (和一點點的可見光)。在這兩這些輕型設計，散發的紫外線光反應與各種外部黃磷中完全相同的方式作為紫外光裡面日光燈螢光粉塗層與反應。外部螢光粉發光，只要 UV 燈照耀著他們。
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